Napoleonic ca. 1814 Spanish King FERNo patriotic button - conserved

Description

This is a professionally conserved (see * below) second-pattern patriotic button of Spanish King Ferdinand VII circa 1814. This was made just after to his second coronation in 1814. The early pattern button types feature a caricature of Ferdinand rather than stylized portraits, which are found starting around 1814. The earliest of these buttons are not maker marked.
I have been collecting and studying the patriotic buttons of Ferdinand for many years. I will include a printed copy of a recent article I wrote on these buttons. I have several different types available; please see my other listings.
You will receive the exact button(s) shown. The photos are not manipulated other than cropping for upload/size constraints.
For sizing, refer to the photos. A standard US dime (18mm) is used to show a comparative size.
*
I worked for eight years as a professional conservator for a very large privately owned museum. I still professionally clean and conserve historic uniform buttons as a hobby. I use only museum-prescribed mechanical cleaning techniques.
All of the excavated buttons I sell are absolutely authentic and were recovered from private property with permission. I do not invent the history or provenance of any excavated button I sell.